また、友人の体系(body )について話すときに「She is thin」と言えば、試験官は痩せているとだけ理解します、thinは、それ以上の表現ではありませんが、「she is skinny」と言うと、友人が痩せすぎている（から心配だ）とネガティブな発言と理解してしまいます。 一方で「she is slim」と言えば、あなたが友人の体系を好意的（positive)に思っていると理解します。
例えば、”it’s really good”や”everything is good”とは言わずに、”good の類義語(synonym)
を使って、”it’s spectacular”や”everything is tremendous” と言うことで
得点がUPします。
synonym ( 同意語、類義語) の 例
a rage of words (paraphrasing 言い換え)
高得点を目指すには、豊富な語彙力を正確に使っていることを試験官に
アピールする必要があります。
そこで、Paraphrasing (言い換え）を利用してください。
paraphrasingとは試験官の質問を言い換えて回答する技のことです。
┃ Paraphrasing (言い換え）5つの法則
１． synonyms （同意語、類義語）を使う
２． 単語の全部を変えずに一部を変える
３． 間違いを避ける（自信のない単語は使わない）
４． 単語の形を変える（例 動詞→動名詞）
５． 構文を変える
例えば、”do you like to read” と聞かれたら、”yes, I love to read” と答えるのではなく、”yes, I love reading” のように、動詞の形を変えることで語彙力をアピールできます。”yes, I like to read” のように質問と同じ単語を使うと、試験官に語彙力不足と判定されますので注意してください。
▮ 語形の変更
● Many people are unhealthy because they fail to eat well and exercise.
● Many people have poor health because they are failing to eat well and
are not exercising enough.
上の2つの文は単語の多くはそのままですが、語形が変えられています。
1. unhealthy = poor health
2. fail = failing
3. exercise = exercising
● 語形の変更による paraphrasing の例
developing = the development of
increasing = an increase in
pollution = being polluted
explain = explanation
▮ 構文を変える paraphrasing
● Many people are unhealthy because they fail to eat well and exercise.
それでは、上の文で2つの句 ( ” Many people are unhealthy” と ” because they fail to eat well and exercise” ) を入れ替えてみます。
● Many people fail to eat well and exercise and , for that reason, they are unhealthy.
さらに、語形を変えることで構文がもっと変わります。
● Failing to eat well and not exercising are the reasons that many people have poor health.
Well, the word I want to describe it has just slipped my mind. (度忘れする), anyway, the tool to make musical sounds （musical instrument） と表現を変えて説明すればその場を切り抜けることができます。
試験官: Are there any environmental problems in your country?
受験者 A : Yes … we have a serious issue with pollution levels in some of our big cities … exhaust fumes from cars and lorries are definitely one reason for the problem but we also have a lot of heavy industry in some areas and this also results in poor air quality …
試験官 ： Do you take an interest in nature?
受験者 B : Well … I’m a city person through and through and don’t get back to nature very often I’m afraid … but like everyone else I’m fascinated by the natural world and I like watching documentaries showing wild animals in their natural habitat …
air quality: the cleanliness of the air we breathe
to become extinct: to no longer exist
to be under threat: to be in danger of becoming extinct
climate change: the change in worldwide weather patterns
to die out: see ‘to become extinct’
endangered species: categories of animals or plants that are in danger of becoming extinct
energy conservation: the careful management of energy resources to ensure they last as long as possible
environmentally friendly: behaviour and products that do not harm the environment
exhaust fumes: the toxic gases given off by vehicles powered by petrol
flash floods: floods that happen quickly
fossil fuels: energy resources like gas and oil that are produced deep below the ground over millions of years
future generations: the people who live after us
to get back to nature: to live a life that is closer to nature
global warming: the increasing temperature of the world brought about by gases such as carbon dioxide
heavy industry: the manufacture of heavy articles and materials in large numbers
humanitarian aid: the act of showing support to people struggling to survive
impact on: the effect on
loss of habitat: the decline in areas of land where animals and plants would normally exist
man-made disaster: widespread damage or loss of life brought about by the action of humans
natural disaster: an event such as an earthquake, flood or hurricane which causes widespread damage or loss of life
natural environment: the place where animals and plants would normally be found in nature
the natural world: the world of nature
oil spill: waste usually deposited in the seas and oceans after an accident at sea
poaching: to hunt and kill wild animals illegally
pollution levels: the amount of toxic waste
pressure group: a group of people who try to raise awareness of issues and try to affect the views and actions of people and organisations
toxic waste: poisonous, unwanted rubbish often produced by industrial processes
wildlife conservation: to protect animals and plants and their habitats
