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Lesson 38 　Japanese Breakfast

Topic Question: “What do you usually have for breakfast in Japan?”

▮ Try Answering the Question Yourself
Consider the typical breakfast foods found in Japan, including both traditional and modern options.

▮ Sample Answer

“In Japan, a traditional breakfast usually includes rice, miso soup, grilled fish, and pickled vegetables. There’s also often green tea. Some people might have bread or eggs instead of rice.”

▮ Words to Learn and Their Meanings about Sample Answer
　－Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Traditional (伝統的な): Relating to or derived from the customs and practices of the past.
2. Rice (ご飯): A staple food in many cultures, especially in Asia, served either steamed or boiled.
3. Miso soup (味噌汁): A traditional Japanese soup consisting of a stock called “dashi” into which softened miso paste is mixed.
4. Grilled fish (焼き魚): Fish that has been cooked over direct heat.
5. Pickled vegetables (漬物): Vegetables preserved in vinegar or brine.
6. Green tea (緑茶): A type of tea that is made from Camellia sinensis leaves that have not undergone the same withering and oxidation process used to make oolong teas and black teas.

▮ Answer the Instructor’s Questions Based on the Sample Answer

1. What are the components of a traditional Japanese breakfast?
2. A traditional Japanese breakfast typically includes rice, miso soup, grilled fish, pickled vegetables, and often green tea.
3. Is bread common in Japanese breakfasts?
4. What kind of tea is usually served with breakfast in Japan?

Mastering Middle School English Grammar

Singular

● There’s a big tree in the yard.
● There’s nothing on TV tonight.
● A: Do you have any money?
　B: Yes, there’s some in my wallet.
● A: Excuse me, is there a hotel near here?
　B: Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.
● We can’t go skiing. There isn’t any snow.

Plural

● There are some big trees in the yard.
● There are a lot of accidents on this road.
● A: 　Are there any restaurants near here?
　B: 　Yes, there are./ No, there aren’t.
● This restaurant is very quiet. There aren’t many people here.
● How many players are there on a soccer team?
● There are 11 players on a soccer team.

There is and it is

Compare:
●“What’s that noise?” “It’s a train.” (It = that noise)
　　There’s a train at 10:30. It’s a fast train. (It= the 10:30 train)

● There’s a lot of salt in this soup.
　　I don’t like this soup. It’s too salty. (It = this soup)

Example Sentences:

1. There’s rice in every traditional Japanese breakfast.
2. Is there miso soup on the table? Yes, there is.
3. There are pickled vegetables served alongside the main dish.
4. Are there any options for people who prefer bread? Yes, there are.

Make Sentences Based on the Above Example Sentences Yourself:

Lesson 37 　　sushi and sashimi

Topic Question: “What is the difference between sushi and sashimi?”

▮ Try Answering the Question Yourself
Think about the characteristics of sushi and sashimi, including their ingredients and how they are served.

▮ Sample Answer

“Sushi is a Japanese dish with vinegared rice and various toppings like fish. Sashimi is thinly sliced raw fish. Sushi includes rice, but sashimi is just the fish.”

▮ Words to Learn and Their Meanings about Sample Answer
　－Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Dish (料理): A particular preparation of food served as part of a meal.
2. Vinegared rice (酢飯): Rice that has been mixed with vinegar, sugar, and salt.
3. Toppings (トッピング): Ingredients added on top of a dish for flavor or decoration.
4. Thinly sliced (薄切り): Cut into very thin pieces.
5. Raw fish (生魚): Fish that has not been cooked.

▮ Answer the Instructor’s Questions Based on the Sample Answer

1. What is sushi?
2. What is sashimi?
3. How do sushi and sashimi differ?

▮　Mastering Middle School English Grammar

Do this! Don’t do that! Let’s do this!

We use come/look/go/wait/do/be, etc., when we tell somebody to do something:

●　Come here and look at this.” “What is it?
●　I don’t want to talk to you. Go away!
●　I’m not ready yet. Please wait for me.
●　Please be quiet. I’m working.
●　Bye! Have a good trip! / Have a nice time1 / Have a good flight! / Have fun! (= I hope you have a good trip, etc.)
●　Have some candy.” “Oh, thanks.　（= would you like some candy?)

We use don’t… when we cell somebody not to do something:

●　Be careful! Don’t fall.
●　Please don’t go. Stay here with me
●　Be here on time. Don’t be late.

You can say Let’s… when you want people to do things with you. (let’s = let us)

●　It’s a nice day. Let’s go out.(= you and I can go out)
●　Come on! Let’s dance. (= you and I can dance)
●　Are you ready? Let’s go.
●　Let’s have fish for dinner tonight
●　A: Should we go out tonight?
　　B: No , I’m tired. Let’s stay home.

Example Sentences:

1. Let’s try making sushi at home tonight.
2. Encouraging a group activity to make sushi.
3. Don’t forget to use fresh fish for sashimi.
4. Let’s have sushi and sashimi for our party.

Make Sentences Based on the Above Example Sentences Yourself:

Lesson 36　　Heroes and Heroines

Topic Question: “Do you have a story about a hero or heroine from Japanese history?”

▮ Try Answering the Question Yourself
Think about your experiences with anime and its impact on global culture. Consider how anime has become popular in your country and abroad.

▮ Sample Answer
“One notable heroine from Japanese history is Himiko, the shaman queen of Yamatai in the 3rd century. She was known for her wisdom and ruled a kingdom in ancient Japan. Her leadership brought peace to a previously war-torn region, and she was respected as a mediator and a communicator with the divine. Himiko’s legacy is celebrated for her diplomatic skills and her role in stabilizing her society.”

▮ Words to Learn and Their Meanings about Sample Answer

1. Heroine (ヒロイン): A woman admired for her courage, outstanding achievements, or noble qualities.
2. Shaman queen (巫女王): A female leader believed to have access to, and influence in, the world of good and evil spirits.
3. Wisdom (知恵): The quality of having experience, knowledge, and good judgment.
4. Leadership (リーダーシップ): The action of leading a group of people or an organization.
5. Legacy (遺産): Something transmitted by or received from an ancestor or predecessor from the past.

▮ Answer the Instructor’s Questions Based on the Sample Answer

1. Who is Himiko?

2. What is Himiko’s legacy?

▮　Mastering Middle School English Grammar

I’d rather…

I would rather do something = I would prefer to do something

●　I don’t really want to go out.I ‘d rather stay home. (= I’d prefer co stay home)
● “Should we go now?” “No, not yet.I ‘d rather wait until later.”
●　I’d like to go now, but Tom would rather wait until later.
●　I don’t like to be late.I ‘d rather be early.
●　I’m feeling tired.I ‘d rather not go out tonight. (= I’d prefer not to go out)
●　 We’re not hungry.W e’d rather not eat yet.
● ‘Would you like to go out tonight “I’d rather not.” (= I’d rather not go out)

We say “I’d rather do something ” (not to do something).
●　l’d rather sit on the floor. (not I’d rather co sit)
●　Sue would rather not go out. (not would rather not to go)

You can say “I’d rather … than … “:
●　I’d rather go out than stay home.
●　I’d rather have a dog than a cat.
●　We’d rather go to the movies than watch a DVD at home.

Example Sentences:

1. I’d rather learn about ancient heroines like Himiko than modern celebrities. (Expressing a preference for historical figures over contemporary ones.)
2. Given the choice, I’d rather read a book about Himiko’s wisdom and leadership than a fantasy novel. (Showing preference for educational content over fiction.)
3. Which would you prefer to read, a historical account or fiction? I’d prefer a book on Himiko’s wisdom.
4. I’d rather visit the sites associated with Himiko in Japan than typical tourist destinations. (Preferring to explore historical sites over common tourist spots.)

Make Sentences Based on the Above Example Sentences Yourself:

Lesson 35　 Female Historical Figures

Topic Question: “Can you tell me about a famous woman in Japanese history?”

▮ Try Answering the Question Yourself
Consider notable women in Japanese history who have made significant contributions in various fields such as politics, arts, literature, or activism.

▮ Sample Answer

“A famous woman in Japanese history is Tomoe Gozen, a legendary female samurai known for her bravery and skill in battle during the 12th century. She was celebrated for her exceptional swordsmanship.”

▮ Words to Learn and Their Meanings about Sample Answer
　－Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Famous (有名な): Well-known.
2. Legendary (伝説の): Described in or pertaining to legends.
3. Female samurai (女性の侍): A woman warrior in feudal Japan.
4. Bravery (勇気): Courageous behavior or character.
5. Skill in battle (戦闘技術): The ability to fight well.
6. Celebrated (称賛される): Honored or praised.
7. Swordsmanship (剣術): The skills of fighting with a sword.

▮ Answer the Instructor’s Questions Based on the Sample Answer

1. Who is Tomoe Gozen?
2. What is Tomoe Gozen famous for?
3. How is Tomoe Gozen celebrated in Japanese history?

▮　Mastering Middle School English Grammar

Would you like… ? / I’d like…

We use Would you like to… ? to invite somebody:

●　Would you like to go for a walk?

●　A: Would you like to have dinner with us on Sunday?
　　B: Yes, I’d love to. (= I would love to have dinner with you)

●　What would you like to do tonight?

I’d like… is a polite way to say “I want.” (I’d like = I would like)

●　I’m thirsty. I’d like a drink.
●　(in a tourist office) I’d like some information about hotels, please.
●　I’m feeling tired. I’d like to stay home tonight.

Would you like… ? and Do you like… ?

Would you like some coffee? = Do you want some coffee?

●　A: Would you like to go to the movies tonight?
(= do you want to go tonight?)
　　B: Yes, I’d love to.

●　I’d like an orange, please.

　　(= can I have an orange?)

Do you like… ? / I like…

Do you like coffee? = Do you think coffee is good?

●　A: Do you like to go to the movies?(in general)

　　B: Yes, I go to the movies a lot.

●　I like oranges . (i11 general)

Example Sentences:

1. Would you like to learn more about Tomoe Gozen?
2. This is an invitation to express interest in learning more about a historical figure.
3. I’d like to read a book about Tomoe Gozen.

Make Sentences Based on the Above Example Sentences Yourself:

Lesson 34 　Artists and Writers

Topic Question: “Could you introduce me to a famous Japanese artist or writer and their work?”

▮ Try Answering the Question Yourself
Consider iconic figures in Japanese art or literature, focusing on an individual whose work has made a significant impact either historically or in contemporary times.

▮ Sample Answer

“A famous Japanese writer is Haruki Murakami. He is known for mixing everyday life with magical stories. His important book, ‘Norwegian Wood,’ talks about themes of love, loss, and looking back, set in 1960s Tokyo.”

▮ Words to Learn and Their Meanings about Sample Answer
　－Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Writer (作家): Someone who writes books, stories, or articles as their job.
2. Everyday life (日常生活): Normal, daily activities or experiences.
3. Magical stories (魔法の話): Stories that include elements of magic or fantasy.
4. Important (重要な): Having great significance or value.
5. Talks about (話す): To discuss or describe a topic.

▮ Answer the Instructor’s Questions Based on the Sample Answer

1. Who is Haruki Murakami?
2. What is a key feature of Murakami’s writing style?
3. What is ‘Norwegian Wood’ about?

▮　Mastering Middle School English Grammar

I have to…

● I’ll be late for work tomorrow. I have to go to the dentist.
● Jane starts work at 7:00, so she has to get up at 6:00
● You have to pass a test before you can get a driver’s license.

The past ( yesterday I last week, etc.) is had to… :
● I was late for work yesterday. I had to go to the dentist.
● We had to walk home last night. There were no buses.

In questions and negatives we use do/ does (present) and did (past):

● What time do you have to go to the dentist tomorrow?
● Does Jane have to work on Saturdays?

I don’t have to (do something) = it is not necessary to do it:
● I’m not working tomorrow, so I don’t have to get up early.
● Mike doesn’t have to work very hard. He’s got an easy job.

Example Sentences:

1. To understand modern Japanese literature, you have to read Murakami’s works. (Expressing a necessity for comprehension.)
2. Did you have to wait long to get ‘Norwegian Wood’? (Asking about a necessity in the past.)
3. I don’t have to finish ‘Norwegian Wood’ in one sitting, but it’s hard to put down. (Stating a lack of necessity with a personal observation.)
4. Does anyone have to be familiar with 1960s Tokyo to enjoy ‘Norwegian Wood’? (Questioning a necessity for enjoyment.)

Make Sentences Based on the Above Example Sentences Yourself:

Lesson 33 　Innovators and Inventors

Topic Question: “Who is a well-known Japanese inventor or innovator, and what did they create?”

▮ Try Answering the Question Yourself
Consider Japanese individuals who have made significant contributions to technology, science, or any field through innovation or invention. Think about what they created and its impact.

▮ Sample Answer

“A well-known Japanese inventor is Akio Morita, co-founder of Sony. He played a key role in the development of the Walkman, transforming how people listen to music worldwide.”

▮ Words to Learn and Their Meanings about Sample Answer
　－Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Inventor (発明家): A person who creates something that has never before been created.
2. Co-founder (共同創設者): A person who, in conjunction with others, establishes a company or enterprise.
3. Development (開発): The process of creating or improving a product or technology.
4. Walkman (ウォークマン): A portable cassette player that allowed people to listen to music on the go.
5. Transform (変革する): To make a thorough or dramatic change in the form, appearance, or character of.

▮ Answer the Instructor’s Questions Based on the Sample Answer

1. Who is Akio Morita?
2. What did Akio Morita contribute to?
3. How did the Walkman impact music listening habits?

▮　Mastering Middle School English Grammar

should

You should do something = it is a good thing to do; it is the right thing to do:
● Tom doesn’t study enough. He should study harder.
● It’s a good movie. You should go and see it.
● When you play tennis, you should always watch the ball.

Should I/we do something? = is it a good thing to do?
● Should I invite Karen to dinner?
● Should we make something special for dinner？

We often say I think…should
● I think Lisa should buy some new clothes.
(= I think it is a good idea.)

I don’t think…should … :
● I don’t think you should work so hard.
(= I don’t think it is a good idea.)

Do you think…should … ?:

●　Do you think I should buy this hat?

Should is different from have to.
● I should study tonight, but I think I’ll go to the movies.
● l have to study tonight. I can’t go to the movies.

Another way to say should is ought to:
● I ought to study tonight, but I think I’ll go to the movies. (= I should study)
● I think Lisa ought to buy some new cloches. (= Lisa should buy)

Example Sentences:

1. You should learn about Akio Morita’s innovations to understand modern technology’s evolution. (Advising on a beneficial action.)
2. Should we teach more about Japanese inventors in schools? (Questioning the benefit of an action.)
3. I think the world should recognize more Japanese innovators for their contributions. (Expressing an opinion on what ought to be done.)
4. Do you think I should study the history of technological innovations in Japan? (Seeking advice on a beneficial action.)

Make Sentences Based on the Above Example Sentences Yourself:

Lesson 32 　Samurai Warriors

Topic Question: “Who was a famous samurai warrior in Japan, and what did he do?”

▮ Try Answering the Question Yourself
Consider renowned samurai warriors from Japanese history and their contributions, achievements, or the legendary tales associated with them.

▮ Sample Answer

“One famous samurai warrior in Japan was Miyamoto Musashi. He was known for his dual-bladed swordsmanship and undefeated record in duels. Musashi also wrote ‘The Book of Five Rings,’ a classic on strategy and combat.”

▮ Words to Learn and Their Meanings about Sample Answer
　－Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Samurai (侍): A member of a powerful military caste in feudal Japan.
2. Swordsmanship (剣術): The skills of fighting with a sword.
3. Duels (決闘): Contests with deadly weapons between two people, following a formal procedure.
4. Strategy (戦略): A plan of action designed to achieve a long-term or overall aim.
5. Combat (戦闘): Fighting between armed forces.

▮ Answer the Instructor’s Questions Based on the Sample Answer

1. Who was Miyamoto Musashi?
2. What is Miyamoto Musashi famous for?
3. What did Miyamoto Musashi write?

▮　Mastering Middle School English Grammar

must

A: We use must when we believe that something is true.
● You worked 10 hours today. You must be tired.
● My brother has worked at your company for years. You must know him.

We use must not when we believe that something is not true.
● The phone rang eight times and Karen didn’t answer. She must not be at home
●　Carlos takes the bus everywhere. He must not have a car.

B: Must has another meaning. You must do something = 1t is necessary to do it.
● You must be careful with this knife. It’s very sharp.
● Workers must wear safety glasses　at this machine.

For the past (yesterday, last week, etc.), we use had to. . . (not must).
● They were in a dangerous situation. They had to be careful.
(not They must be careful.)

● We had to wear safety glasses　when　we visited the facrory last week .
　　(not We muse wear)

You must not do somethmg = 1t 1s necessary not to do it; it is the wrong thing to do.
● Bicyclists must not ride on the sidewalk.

(= they must ride in the street)

Example Sentences:

1. Musashi must have been extremely disciplined to master his swordsmanship. (Believing something is true based on evidence or reasoning.)
2. Musashi must not have feared his opponents, given his undefeated record. (Believing something is not true based on evidence or reasoning.)
3. To become a samurai like Musashi, one must practice daily. (Expressing necessity.)
4. During his time, Musashi had to travel extensively for his duels. (Expressing necessity in the past.)

Make Sentences Based on the Above Example Sentences Yourself:

Lesson 31 　 Seasonal Foods

Topic Question: “Can you tell me about some foods that are unique to each season in Japan?”

▮ Try Answering the Question Yourself
Think about the diverse seasonal foods that Japan offers. These could include fruits, vegetables, fish, and dishes that are particularly associated with or celebrated in specific seasons.

▮ Sample Answer

“In Japan, spring features sakura mochi, summer is known for unagi to beat the heat, autumn brings kaki (persimmons), and winter is the season for nabe (hot pot) dishes.”

▮ Words to Learn and Their Meanings about Sample Answer
　－Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Sakura mochi (桜餅): A pink, sweet rice cake wrapped in a cherry leaf, often eaten during the cherry blossom season.
2. Unagi (うなぎ): Freshwater eel, commonly eaten during the summer to gain stamina.
3. Kaki (柿): Persimmons, a sweet fruit that is harvested in the autumn.
4. Nabe (鍋): A Japanese hot pot dish, perfect for sharing during the cold winter months.

▮ Answer the Instructor’s Questions Based on the Sample Answer

1. What is a typical spring food in Japan?
2. How do people in Japan traditionally combat the summer heat through their diet?
3. What fruit is associated with autumn?
4. What type of dish is popular in the winter?

▮　Mastering Middle School English Grammar

can and could

A: 　I can do something = I know how to do it, or it is possible for me to do it:
● I can play the piano. My brother can play the piano, too.
● Sarah can speak Italian, but she can’t speak Spanish.
● “ Can you swim?” “Yes , but I’m not a very good swimmer.”

B: 　For the past (yesterday / last week, etc.), we use could/ couldn’t:
● When I was young, I could run very fast.
● Before Maria came to the United States, she couldn’t understand much English.
　　Now she can understand everything.
● I was tired last night , but I couldn’t sleep.

C: 　Can you… ? Could you… ? Can I… ? Could I.. . ?

We use Can you… ? or Could you… ? when we ask people to do things:
● Can you open the door, please ? or Could you open the door, please’
● Can you wait a minute, please? or Could you wait … ?

We use Can I have… ? or Could I have… ? to ask for someth111g:
●(in a store) Can I have change for a dollar, please ? or Could I have… ?

Can I… ? or Could I… ? = is it OK to do something ?:
● Tom, can I borrow your umbrella ? or Tom, could I borrow your umbrella’
●(on the phone) Hello , can I speak to Gary, please ? or . .. could I speak … ?

Example Sentences:

1. I can taste the difference between summer and winter nabe; the ingredients change with the season. (Expressing ability in the present.)
2. When I was a child, I could eat a lot of sakura mochi during the spring festival. (Expressing ability in the past.)
3. Can you recommend a place where I can try authentic unagi this summer? (Asking for a favor or suggestion.)
4. Could I have some kaki if I visit Japan in autumn? (Politely asking for something.)

Make Sentences Based on the Above Example Sentences Yourself:

Lesson 30 　 Hot Springs (Onsen)

Topic Question: “Why are hot springs especially popular in Japan during the winter?”

▮ Try Answering the Question Yourself
Think about the reasons behind the popularity of hot springs (onsen) in Japan during the colder months. Consider aspects such as cultural significance, health benefits, and the unique experience they offer.

▮ Sample Answer

“Hot springs are popular in Japan during winter because they offer a warm retreat. They’re believed to have healing properties and provide a unique way to enjoy nature’s beauty while relaxing.”

▮ Words to Learn and Their Meanings about Sample Answer
　－Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Hot springs (温泉): Natural springs of warm or hot water, often rich in minerals.
2. Retreat (避難所): A place of refuge or rest.
3. Healing properties (治癒効果): Characteristics or effects that aid in healing or relieving health issues.
4. Unique (ユニークな): Being the only one of its kind; unlike anything else.
5. Relaxing (リラックスする): Reducing tension or anxiety.

▮ Answer the Instructor’s Questions Based on the Sample Answer

1. What makes hot springs popular during winter in Japan?
2. What benefits do hot springs offer?
3. How do hot springs provide a unique experience?

▮　Mastering Middle School English Grammar

might

A:

might + base form ( might go / might be / might rain, etc,),

B:　 I might = it is possible that I will:
●　I might go to the movies tonight, but I’m not sure. (= it is possible that I will go)
●　 A: 　When is Rebecca going co call you?
　　B: 　I don’t know. She might call this afternoon.

●　Buy a lottery ticket.　You might be lucky. (= perhaps you will be lucky)
●　“ Are you going out tonight?” 　”I might.” (= I might go out)

Study the difference:
●　I’m playing tennis tomorrow. (sure)
●　I might play tennis tomorrow.(pssible)

●　Rebecca is going to call later. (sure)
●　Rebecca might call later.(possible)

C: 　May
You can use may in the same way. I may = I might:
●　I may go to the movies tonight. (= I might go)
●　Sue may not come to the party. (= Sue might not come)

Example Sentences:

1. We might visit an onsen this weekend if the weather is cold. (Expressing a possibility based on conditions.)

2. The hot springs might be crowded because of the holiday. (Acknowledging the possibility of a situation.)

3. You might find the hot springs relaxing after skiing. (Suggesting a possible benefit.)

4. I might not go out tonight; I’m thinking of staying in and watching a movie instead. (Expressing uncertainty about plans.)

Make Sentences Based on the Above Example Sentences Yourself:

Lesson 29 　 Fireworks (Hanabi)

Topic Question: “Why are fireworks so popular in Japan during the summer?”

▮ Try Answering the Question Yourself
Think about the cultural and social significance of fireworks in Japan during the summer season. Consider the history, traditions, and the atmosphere they create.

▮ Sample Answer

“Fireworks are popular in Japan during summer as part of traditional festivals. They symbolize celebration and the fleeting nature of beauty. Families and friends gather at events to enjoy the spectacular displays together.”

▮ Words to Learn and Their Meanings about Sample Answer
　－Pronounce the Words Correctly (Pronunciation Training) + Make Sentences Using the Words Instantly

1. Fireworks (花火): Devices that produce a display of light and noise, often used for celebrations.
2. Traditional (伝統的な): Relating to customs or beliefs passed down from generation to generation.
3. Symbolize (象徴する): Represent or identify by a symbol.
4. Fleeting (はかない): Lasting for a very short time.
5. Spectacular (壮観な): Beautiful in a dramatic and eye-catching way.

▮ Answer the Instructor’s Questions Based on the Sample Answer

1. What do fireworks symbolize in Japan?
2. Why do people gather for fireworks displays?
3. What aspect of beauty do fireworks represent?

▮　Mastering Middle School English Grammar

will　 2

A: 　You can use I’ll… (I will ) when you offer something or decide to do something:

●　My suitcase is very heavy. I’ll carry it for you.

We often say I think I’ll… / I don’t think I’ll… when we decide to do something:

● I’m tired. I think I’ll go to bed early tonight.

　

Do not use the simple present (I go / I call, etc.) in sentences like these:
● I’ll call you tomorrow, OK? (not I call you)

　

B: 　Do not use I’ll… for something you decided before
● I’m working tomorrow. (not I’ll work)
● There’s a good program on TV tonight. I’m going to watch it. (not I’ll watch)

　

C: 　Shall I … ? Shall we… ?

Shall I / Shall we… ? = Do you think this is a good thing to do? Do you think th is 1s a good idea?
● It’s very warm in this room. Shall I open the window?

●　It’s a nice day. Shall we g o for a walk?

We use should in the same way.
● Should I call you tonight?　OK.
● It’s a nice day. Should we go for a walk?

Example Sentences:

1. I’ll meet you at the fireworks festival tonight. (Offering or deciding at the moment to do something.)
2. It looks like it’s going to rain. I think I’ll bring an umbrella. (Deciding to do something based on the situation.)
3. Shall we find a spot near the river for the best view? (Suggesting an action as a good idea.)
4. I’m going to take lots of photos at the event. (Expressing a plan decided before.)

Make Sentences Based on the Above Example Sentences Yourself: