「パラフレーズ」は元の文章を他の語彙や英語表現を用いて違う表現
に言い換えるテクニックです。
「パラフレーズ―言い換え」は、IELTS/TOEFL など試験対策でスコアアップに必須になります。
パラフレーズは、スピーキング、ライティングの評価基準である「語彙力（Lexical Resource）」
のスコアアップに影響します。
具体的には「同じ語彙を繰り返し使用せずに、適切に語彙の言い換えができているか」
ということが評価されるというわけです。
リーディング問題でも、設問の選択肢の中に本文とは違う「パラフレーズー言い換え」
があるケースが多く、パラフレーズを理解することで回答率が上がります。
パラフレーズにはいくつか方法があります。
There are several ways to paraphrase.
▮ 単語を変える （Changing word forms)
Andrew Johnson replaced Jack Sullivan as the hero.
➔ Andrew Johnson was Jack Sullivan’s replacement as the hero.
▮ 同義語で言い換える （Substituting synonyms）
Helen Davies is the most famous person in this town.
➔ Helen Davies is the most well-known person in this town.
肯定文と否定文は、次のように言い換えることができます。
Affirmative and negative sentences can be paraphrased as follows:
▮ 動詞を肯定から否定、または否定から肯定に言い換える
Paraphrase a verb from affirmative to negative or negative to affirmative
The meeting was difficult.
➔ The meeting wasn’t easy.
▮ both…and, neither… nor を使って言い換える
Both Human Resources and the Finance Department were unaffected
when the company was taken over.
➔ Neither Human Resources nor the Finance Department were affected
when the company was taken over.
▮ more than/less than を使って言い換える
Bob earns more money than Paul.
➔ Paul earns less money than Bob.
▮ 文章の単語を並び替えることで情報を言い換える
Paraphrase information by rearranging the words in a sentence
Most people want to gain promotion at work so they can
progress in their careers.
➔ In order to progress in their careers, most
people want to gain promotion.
練習問題 Practice
（ ）の中の単語を使って言い換えてみましょう。
Let’s paraphrase using the words in ( ).
1．The new software is more time-consuming than the old software. (time-efficient)
2．Working in a bank is less interesting than working in a hotel. (more interesting)
3．Neither managers nor staff in the catering industry earn high salaries. (both/ low)
4．Most of the company’s employees have little experience in IT. (only a few)
5．The staff kitchen is usually dirty. (often/ clean)
6．The meeting was managed badly. (wasn’t/ well)
解答 Answer
1．The new software is less time-efficient than the old software.
２．Working in a hotel is more interesting than working in a bank.
3．Both managers and staff in the catering industry earn low salaries.
４．Only a few of the company’s employees have (any/ some/ a lot of) experience in IT.
5．The staff kitchen isn’t often clean.
6．The meeting wasn’t managed well.
